Title: Analysis of option-like fund performance fees in asset management via Monte Carlo actuarial distortion pricing

Authors: Gareth W. Peters, Mantana Chudtong and Andrea De Gaetano

                 In this work, we analyze the management and performance fees for asset managers and investment funds is undertaken. While fund fees are considered as a cost of capital for investors, the structuring of such fee mechanisms in a fund can also influence a fund manager’s decisions and investment strategy, thereby also influencing the investment performance of the investors funds. The study undertaken will allow for an assessment of the effect of fee structures and the potential for asymmetric incentives to arise that may promote adverse risk-taking behaviours by the fund manager, to the detriment of the investor or retiree who places a portion of their retirement savings into such a managed fund with such fee structures. As such, understanding the mechanism of fee charging as well as pricing the fees correctly is vital. An exploration of the application of actuarial distortion pricing methods for complete and incomplete market valuation is performed on a variety of path-dependent option-like performance fee structures for various funds in the European and American markets. Furthermore, we conduct several scenario analysis and sensitivity studies. The class of Net Asset Value models adopted are LÃĐvy processes, and the pricing is performed via Monte Carlo techniques.

                āđƒāļ™āļ‡āļēāļ™āļ™āļĩāđ‰ āđ€āļĢāļēāļ§āļīāđ€āļ„āļĢāļēāļ°āļŦāđŒāļāļēāļĢāļˆāļąāļ”āļāļēāļĢāđāļĨāļ°āļāļēāļĢāļ„āļģāļ™āļ§āļ“āļ„āđˆāļēāļ˜āļĢāļĢāļĄāđ€āļ™āļĩāļĒāļĄāļ”āļģāđ€āļ™āļīāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļŠāļģāļŦāļĢāļąāļšāļœāļđāđ‰āļˆāļąāļ”āļāļēāļĢāļŠāļīāļ™āļ—āļĢāļąāļžāļĒāđŒāđāļĨāļ°āļāļ­āļ‡āļ—āļļāļ™ āđāļĄāđ‰āļ§āđˆāļēāļ„āđˆāļēāļ˜āļĢāļĢāļĄāđ€āļ™āļĩāļĒāļĄ āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļāļ­āļ‡āļ—āļļāļ™āļˆāļ°āļ–āļ·āļ­āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļ•āđ‰āļ™āļ—āļļāļ™āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āđ€āļ‡āļīāļ™āļ—āļļāļ™āļŠāļģāļŦāļĢāļąāļšāļ™āļąāļāļĨāļ‡āļ—āļļāļ™ āđāļ•āđˆāđ‚āļ„āļĢāļ‡āļŠāļĢāđ‰āļēāļ‡āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļāļēāļĢāļ„āļģāļ™āļ§āļ“āļ„āđˆāļēāļ˜āļĢāļĢāļĄāđ€āļ™āļĩāļĒāļĄāļ”āļąāļ‡āļāļĨāđˆāļēāļ§āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļāļ­āļ‡āļ—āļļāļ™ āļāđ‡āļŠāļēāļĄāļēāļĢāļ–āļŠāđˆāļ‡ āļ­āļīāļ—āļ˜āļīāļžāļĨāļ•āđˆāļ­āļāļēāļĢāļ•āļąāļ”āļŠāļīāļ™āđƒāļˆāđāļĨāļ°āļāļĨāļĒāļļāļ—āļ˜āđŒāļāļēāļĢāļĨāļ‡āļ—āļļāļ™āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļœāļđāđ‰āļˆāļąāļ”āļāļēāļĢāļāļ­āļ‡āļ—āļļāļ™ āļ”āļąāļ‡āļ™āļąāđ‰āļ™āļˆāļķāļ‡āļāļĢāļ°āļ—āļšāļœāļĨāļ•āļ­āļšāđāļ—āļ™āļāļēāļĢāļĨāļ‡āļ—āļļāļ™āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ™āļąāļāļĨāļ‡āļ—āļļāļ™āļ”āđ‰āļ§āļĒ āļāļēāļĢāļĻāļķāļāļĐāļē āļ—āļĩāđˆāļ”āļģāđ€āļ™āļīāļ™āļāļēāļĢāđƒāļ™āļ‡āļēāļ™āļ§āļīāļˆāļąāļĒāļ™āļĩāđ‰ āļˆāļ°āļŠāđˆāļ§āļĒāđƒāļŦāđ‰āļŠāļēāļĄāļēāļĢāļ–āļ›āļĢāļ°āđ€āļĄāļīāļ™āļœāļĨāļāļĢāļ°āļ—āļšāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āđ‚āļ„āļĢāļ‡āļŠāļĢāđ‰āļēāļ‡āļ„āđˆāļēāļ˜āļĢāļĢāļĄāđ€āļ™āļĩāļĒāļĄāđāļĨāļ°āļĻāļąāļāļĒāļ āļēāļžāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļŠāļīāđˆāļ‡āļˆāļđāļ‡āđƒāļˆāļ—āļĩāđˆāđ„āļĄāđˆāļŠāļĄāļĄāļēāļ•āļĢāļ—āļĩāđˆāļˆāļ° āđ€āļāļīāļ”āļ‚āļķāđ‰āļ™ āļ‹āļķāđˆāļ‡āļ­āļēāļˆāļŠāđˆāļ‡āđ€āļŠāļĢāļīāļĄāļžāļĪāļ•āļīāļāļĢāļĢāļĄāđ€āļŠāļĩāđˆāļĒāļ‡āļ—āļĩāđˆāđ„āļĄāđˆāļžāļķāļ‡āļ›āļĢāļ°āļŠāļ‡āļ„āđŒāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļœāļđāđ‰āļˆāļąāļ”āļāļēāļĢāļāļ­āļ‡āļ—āļļāļ™ āļŠāđˆāļ‡āļœāļĨāđ€āļŠāļĩāļĒāļ•āđˆāļ­āļœāļđāđ‰āļĨāļ‡āļ—āļļāļ™āļŦāļĢāļ·āļ­āļœāļđāđ‰āđ€āļāļĐāļĩāļĒāļ“āļ—āļĩāđˆāļ§āļēāļ‡āđ€āļ‡āļīāļ™āļŠāđˆāļ§āļ™āļŦāļ™āļķāđˆāļ‡āļˆāļēāļāļāļēāļĢ āđ€āļāļĐāļĩāļĒāļ“āļ­āļēāļĒāļļ āļ­āļ­āļĄāđ€āļ‚āđ‰āļēāļāļ­āļ‡āļ—āļļāļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆāļˆāļąāļ”āļāļēāļĢāļ”āđ‰āļ§āļĒāđ‚āļ„āļĢāļ‡āļŠāļĢāđ‰āļēāļ‡āļ„āđˆāļēāļ˜āļĢāļĢāļĄāđ€āļ™āļĩāļĒāļĄāļ”āļąāļ‡āļāļĨāđˆāļēāļ§ āļ”āđ‰āļ§āļĒāđ€āļŦāļ•āļļāļ™āļĩāđ‰ āļāļēāļĢāļ—āļģāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāđ€āļ‚āđ‰āļēāđƒāļˆāļāļĨāđ„āļāļāļēāļĢāđ€āļĢāļĩāļĒāļāđ€āļāđ‡āļšāļ„āđˆāļēāļ˜āļĢāļĢāļĄ- āđ€āļ™āļĩāļĒāļĄāđāļĨāļ°āļāļēāļĢāļāļģāļŦāļ™āļ”āļĢāļēāļ„āļēāļ„āđˆāļēāļ˜āļĢāļĢāļĄāđ€āļ™āļĩāļĒāļĄāļ­āļĒāđˆāļēāļ‡āļ–āļđāļāļ•āđ‰āļ­āļ‡āļˆāļķāļ‡āļĄāļĩāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļŠāļģāļ„āļąāļ āļāļēāļĢāļŠāļģāļĢāļ§āļˆāļ§āļīāļ˜āļĩāļāļēāļĢāļ›āļĢāļ°āļĒāļļāļāļ•āđŒāđƒāļŠāđ‰āļ§āļīāļ˜āļĩāļāļēāļĢāļāļģāļŦāļ™āļ”āļĢāļēāļ„āļēāđāļšāļšāļšāļīāļ”āđ€āļšāļ·āļ­āļ™ āđ‚āļ”āļĒāļŦāļĨāļąāļāļ„āļ“āļīāļ•āļĻāļēāļŠāļ•āļĢāđŒāļ›āļĢāļ°āļāļąāļ™āļ āļąāļĒāļŠāļģāļŦāļĢāļąāļšāļ•āļĨāļēāļ”āļ—āļąāđ‰āļ‡āđāļšāļšāļŠāļĄāļšāļđāļĢāļ“āđŒāđāļĨāļ°āđāļšāļšāđ„āļĄāđˆāļŠāļĄāļšāļđāļĢāļ“āđŒāđ„āļ”āđ‰āļ–āļđāļāļ”āļģāđ€āļ™āļīāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļšāļ™āđ‚āļ„āļĢāļ‡āļŠāļĢāđ‰āļēāļ‡āļ—āļĩāđˆāļŦāļĨāļēāļāļŦāļĨāļēāļĒāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ„āđˆāļēāļ˜āļĢāļĢāļĄāđ€āļ™āļĩāļĒāļĄāļāļēāļĢāļ”āļģāđ€āļ™āļīāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļ—āļĩāđˆāļ„āļĨāđ‰āļēāļĒāļāļąāļš path-dependent option āļŠāļģāļŦāļĢāļąāļšāļāļ­āļ‡āļ—āļļāļ™āļ•āđˆāļēāļ‡āđ† āđƒāļ™āļ•āļĨāļēāļ”āļĒāļļāđ‚āļĢāļ›āđāļĨāļ°āļ­āđ€āļĄāļĢāļīāļāļē āļ™āļ­āļāļˆāļēāļāļ™āļĩāđ‰ āđ€āļĢāļēāļĒāļąāļ‡āđ„āļ”āđ‰āļ”āļģāđ€āļ™āļīāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļ§āļīāđ€āļ„āļĢāļēāļ°āļŦāđŒāļŠāļ–āļēāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļ“āđŒāđāļĨāļ°āļĻāļķāļāļĐāļēāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļ­āđˆāļ­āļ™āđ„āļŦāļ§āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ„āđˆāļēāļ˜āļĢāļĢāļĄāđ€āļ™āļĩāļĒāļĄāļāļ­āļ‡āļ—āļļāļ™ āđ‚āļ”āļĒāļāļĢāļ°āļšāļ§āļ™āļāļēāļĢāļ‚āļ­āļ‡ LÃĐvy āļ–āļđāļāļ™āļģāļĄāļēāđƒāļŠāđ‰āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āđƒāļ™āļŠāđˆāļ§āļ™āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āđāļšāļšāļˆāļģāļĨāļ­āļ‡āļĄāļđāļĨāļ„āđˆāļēāļ—āļĢāļąāļžāļĒāđŒāļŠāļīāļ™āļŠāļļāļ—āļ˜āļī āđāļĨāļ°āļāļēāļĢāļāļģāļŦāļ™āļ”āļĢāļēāļ„āļēāļˆāļ°āļ”āļģāđ€āļ™āļīāļ™āļāļēāļĢāđ‚āļ”āļĒāđƒāļŠāđ‰āđ€āļ—āļ„āļ™āļīāļ„ Monte Carlo

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